operations on powers with integral exponents, including positive and negative exponents, exponent laws, order of operations, and numerical and variable bases
prime factorization, including powers, factors, greatest common factor, least common multiple, factor trees, and factor pairs
functions and relations connecting data, graphs, situations, domain and range, function identification, and function notation
linear functions, including slope; point-slope, slope-intercept, and general equations; parallel, perpendicular, horizontal, and vertical lines; and connections among graphs, tables, and equations
arithmetic sequences using common difference, first term, general term, and connections to linear relations
systems of linear equations solved graphically and algebraically by inspection, substitution, and elimination, with contextual interpretation of the solution
multiplication of polynomial expressions using the distributive property, including products involving trinomials and area-model connections
polynomial factoring using greatest common factors, simple trinomials of the form x^2+bx+c, and difference of squares
primary trigonometric ratios sine, cosine, and tangent in right triangles, including missing sides, missing angles, Pythagorean theorem, and direct or indirect measurement contexts
financial literacy through types of income, income tax and other deductions, and gross and net pay
